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Everest Region

Arun Valley Trek

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The Arun Valley Trek offers an extraordinary journey through one of eastern Nepal's most biodiverse and culturally rich regions, providing a perfect alternative to the more crowded trekking routes of the country. This magnificent trail follows the deep Arun River valley, which cuts through the Himalayan range between Makalu (8,463m) and Kanchenjunga (8,586m), creating a unique ecological corridor with dramatic altitude variations. Trekkers are rewarded with spectacular views of four of the world's five highest mountains – Everest, Lhotse, Makalu, and Kanchenjunga – while experiencing an incredible diversity of landscapes, from subtropical forests at lower elevations to alpine meadows and glacial valleys higher up. The cultural tapestry is equally rich, with trails passing through villages of Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, and Yamphu communities, each with distinct traditions, architecture, and agricultural practices largely untouched by the influence of tourism. The region boasts exceptional biodiversity, including over 650 bird species, making it a paradise for wildlife enthusiasts who might spot red pandas, Himalayan black bears, and snow leopards in the higher reaches. The trek can be undertaken as a standalone adventure or as an alternative approach to the Everest region via the Salpa Pass, offering a quiet, contemplative journey through landscapes that have changed little over centuries. This moderately challenging trek is best experienced during the pre-monsoon season (March-May) when rhododendron forests explode with color, or post-monsoon (October-November) when crystal-clear skies offer the most spectacular mountain panoramas.

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Total Distance 120km (75 miles)
Altitude (3,348m / 10,984ft)
Food Nepali dishes
Vehicle Flights, Jeep, Trekking
Difficulty Level Moderate

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About this Trip

The Arun Valley Trek represents a journey of exceptional diversity and authentic discovery, offering an experience that has become increasingly rare in Nepal's more popular trekking regions. What makes this trek extraordinary is its perfect combination of biological richness, cultural authenticity, and spectacular mountain scenery, all accessed through a trail that sees relatively few foreign visitors.

The trek follows the course of the mighty Arun River, a waterway with its headwaters in Tibet that carves one of the deepest valleys in the world. This geographic feature creates a remarkable ecological corridor, allowing trekkers to experience multiple climate zones and habitats in a relatively short distance. The journey begins in nearly subtropical conditions, with lush forests filled with orchids, ferns, and bamboo, gradually transitioning to temperate woodlands dominated by massive rhododendrons, and finally to subalpine terrain with views of snow-capped peaks.

The cultural dimension of this trek is particularly special. While Nepal's more famous trekking routes have seen significant changes due to tourism, the Arun Valley remains a bastion of traditional lifestyles. Villages along the way represent a fascinating mix of ethnic groups – primarily Rai and Limbu in the lower regions, with Sherpa and Yamphu communities at higher elevations. Each maintains distinct cultural practices, religious traditions, and architectural styles. Trekkers frequently find themselves welcomed into local homes to share salt tea or the region's famous millet beer, creating meaningful cultural exchanges rarely found on more established routes.

Physically, the trek offers a perfect balance of challenge and accessibility. The trail involves significant daily elevation changes as it moves up and down the valley's contours, but generally avoids the extreme altitudes that make some Himalayan treks prohibitive for many visitors. This middle-ground difficulty, combined with the option to extend or shorten the journey at several points, makes the Arun Valley appealing to a wide range of trekkers.

 

Perhaps most uniquely, the Arun Valley trek offers a sense of genuine exploration. While following established trails, visitors often experience entire days of hiking without encountering other trekking groups. Views unfold gradually, with each ridge revealing new perspectives on the surrounding landscapes. This creates a journey of discovery that unfolds at a human pace, allowing trekkers to absorb the subtle details of the environment and develop a deeper connection to the land and its people.

+ Read More

The Arun Valley Trek represents a journey of exceptional diversity and authentic discovery, offering an experience that has become increasingly rare in Nepal's more popular trekking regions. What makes this trek extraordinary is its perfect combination of biological richness, cultural authenticity, and spectacular mountain scenery, all accessed through a trail that sees relatively few foreign visitors.

The trek follows the course of the mighty Arun River, a waterway with its headwaters in Tibet that carves one of the deepest valleys in the world. This geographic feature creates a remarkable ecological corridor, allowing trekkers to experience multiple climate zones and habitats in a relatively short distance. The journey begins in nearly subtropical conditions, with lush forests filled with orchids, ferns, and bamboo, gradually transitioning to temperate woodlands dominated by massive rhododendrons, and finally to subalpine terrain with views of snow-capped peaks.

The cultural dimension of this trek is particularly special. While Nepal's more famous trekking routes have seen significant changes due to tourism, the Arun Valley remains a bastion of traditional lifestyles. Villages along the way represent a fascinating mix of ethnic groups – primarily Rai and Limbu in the lower regions, with Sherpa and Yamphu communities at higher elevations. Each maintains distinct cultural practices, religious traditions, and architectural styles. Trekkers frequently find themselves welcomed into local homes to share salt tea or the region's famous millet beer, creating meaningful cultural exchanges rarely found on more established routes.

Physically, the trek offers a perfect balance of challenge and accessibility. The trail involves significant daily elevation changes as it moves up and down the valley's contours, but generally avoids the extreme altitudes that make some Himalayan treks prohibitive for many visitors. This middle-ground difficulty, combined with the option to extend or shorten the journey at several points, makes the Arun Valley appealing to a wide range of trekkers.

 

Perhaps most uniquely, the Arun Valley trek offers a sense of genuine exploration. While following established trails, visitors often experience entire days of hiking without encountering other trekking groups. Views unfold gradually, with each ridge revealing new perspectives on the surrounding landscapes. This creates a journey of discovery that unfolds at a human pace, allowing trekkers to absorb the subtle details of the environment and develop a deeper connection to the land and its people.

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Itinerary

Day 1

Arrival in Kathmandu (1,400m)

Your Arun Valley adventure begins in Nepal's vibrant capital. After airport pickup, settle into your hotel and attend a comprehensive pre-trek briefing with your guide, who will outline the journey ahead through eastern Nepal's pristine landscapes. Take time to explore Kathmandu's cultural heritage sites and gather any last-minute supplies. The evening provides an opportunity to enjoy authentic Nepali cuisine and prepare mentally for the journey ahead. Accommodation: Comfortable hotel in Kathmandu with modern amenities.
Day 2

Kathmandu to Tumlingtar (457m)

Begin with an early morning flight from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar, a scenic 40-minute journey offering spectacular views of the eastern Himalayas. Tumlingtar sits on a plateau above the Arun River in the region of Koshi. After landing at this small airstrip, meet your trekking crew and enjoy lunch while preparations are finalized. If time permits, explore this interesting market town that serves as a trading hub for the surrounding villages, offering insights into the regional economy and lifestyle. Accommodation: Basic guesthouse in Tumlingtar.
Day 3

Tumlingtar to Kartiki Ghat (250m)

Your first day of trekking involves a 5-6 hour journey that descends from the Tumlingtar plateau to the Arun River at Kartiki Ghat. The trail passes through terraced fields and small farming villages, offering your first glimpses of the local architecture and agricultural practices. The humid, almost subtropical climate supports banana plants, oranges, and other fruit trees. Reaching the powerful Arun River by afternoon, you'll appreciate its significance as a major watershed in eastern Nepal. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Kartiki Ghat.
Day 4

Kartiki Ghat to Phedi (950m)

Today's 6-7 hour trek initially follows the Arun River before turning into the side valley of the Irkhuwa Khola. The trail climbs steadily through increasingly lush forests and small settlements of Rai and Limbu ethnic groups. The cultural landscape changes noticeably as you gain altitude, with different agricultural practices and building styles emerging. Phedi, meaning "foot of the hill" in Nepali, marks the beginning of the more significant ascents to come. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Phedi.
Day 5

Phedi to Manigaon (1,500m)

Continue ascending for 5-6 hours through magnificent forests rich with bird life. The trail climbs steadily, offering occasional glimpses of distant snow-capped peaks when the weather is clear. Manigaon is primarily a Rai village, offering opportunities to observe and learn about this indigenous group's traditional practices, including their distinctive music and dance forms if you're fortunate enough to visit during a local celebration. Accommodation: Basic teahouse or homestay in Manigaon.
Day 6

Manigaon to Salpa Phedi (2,380m)

Today's 6-7 hour trek involves a substantial climb as you approach the Salpa Pass. The vegetation changes noticeably as you gain altitude, with subtropical plants giving way to temperate forest dominated by massive rhododendrons, magnolias, and oaks. Wildlife sightings become more common, with various bird species and possibly mammals such as barking deer or Himalayan langurs. Salpa Phedi is the last settlement before the pass, traditionally used by locals as a stopover point before crossing. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Salpa Phedi.
Day 7

Salpa Phedi to Sanam (2,850m) via Salpa Pass (3,348m)

This challenging but rewarding 7-8 hour day takes you across the Salpa Pass, the highest point on the standard Arun Valley Trek. The climb to the pass offers increasingly spectacular views, with prayer flags and stone cairns marking the highest point. In clear weather, you may catch your first glimpses of Makalu and other major peaks. The descent to Sanam introduces you to the upper Arun region, where Sherpa culture becomes more prevalent, noticeable in the architecture, agricultural practices, and religious symbols. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Sanam.
Day 8

Sanam to Bung (1,900m)

Today's 6-7 hour trek descends through changing vegetation zones to reach Bung, a large village spread across a hillside with spectacular views of the surrounding mountains. The trail passes through forests and terraced fields, with several small settlements along the way. Bung is predominantly a Rai village but has been influenced by nearby Sherpa culture, creating an interesting cultural blend visible in local customs and religious practices. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Bung.
Day 9

Bung to Gudel (2,000m)

This relatively easier 5-6 hour day takes you through a series of traditional villages with minimal tourism infrastructure, offering authentic glimpses into rural Nepali life. The trail traverses ridges with excellent views of the deep valleys and distant peaks. Gudel is known for its traditional stone houses and preservation of ancient cultural practices, including distinctive weaving techniques and local festivals that maintain pre-Buddhist animist traditions. Accommodation: Basic teahouse or homestay in Gudel.
Day 10

Gudel to Khiraule (2,530m)

Today's 6-7 hour trek climbs steadily through forests and high pastures used by semi-nomadic herders during summer months. The views become increasingly impressive as you gain altitude, with Mera Peak and other mountains visible on clear days. Khiraule has a significant Sherpa population, with a small monastery and traditional architecture that differs noticeably from the villages at lower elevations. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Khiraule.
Day 11

Khiraule to Najingdingma (2,650m)

Continue along ridgelines for 5-6 hours, with spectacular views down into the deep valleys on either side. The trail passes through rhododendron forests that bloom spectacularly in spring, creating tunnels of red, pink, and white flowers. Najingdingma is a small settlement with stunning mountain views and traditional architecture, offering insights into the adaptation of building styles to the harsh mountain environment. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Najingdingma.
Day 12

Najingdingma to Pangom (2,800m)

Today's 6-7 hour trek follows high ridges with increasingly dramatic mountain views. On clear days, four of the world's five highest mountains can be visible: Everest, Lhotse, Makalu, and Kanchenjunga. The trail passes ancient mani walls and chortens, indicating the Buddhist influence in the upper regions of the valley. Pangom is a picturesque Sherpa village with a small monastery that's worth visiting to observe local religious practices. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Pangom.
Day 13

Pangom to Hinku (2,700m)

Trek for 6-7 hours through varied terrain with magnificent vistas of deep valleys and towering peaks. The trail passes through small settlements where traditional agricultural practices continue largely unchanged, with terraced fields cultivated using methods passed down through generations. Hinku offers spectacular sunset views over the mountains when weather permits, creating perfect photographic opportunities. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Hinku.
Day 14

Hinku to Phurteng (2,900m)

Continue along high ridges for 5-6 hours, with the trail offering alternating sections of forest and open terrain with panoramic views. Mountain vistas become increasingly dominated by the massive bulk of Mera Peak and its neighboring mountains. Phurteng is the last village before the trail begins its descent toward the Dudh Koshi Valley that leads to the Everest region. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Phurteng.
Day 15

Phurteng to Cheskam (2,700m)

Today's 6-7 hour journey takes you through spectacular landscapes with views extending toward both the Makalu and Everest regions. The trail passes through ancient forest with moss-covered trees creating an almost mythical atmosphere. Cheskam offers excellent mountain views and serves as an important trading post between different ethnic regions. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Cheskam.
Day 16

Cheskam to Num (1,500m)

Begin descending more dramatically for 7-8 hours, with the climate and vegetation changing noticeably as you lose altitude. The trail passes through dense forests and crosses numerous small streams that feed the Arun River. Num sits dramatically on a ridge with views down into the deep Arun Valley, offering a perfect vantage point to appreciate the journey you've undertaken through this magnificent landscape. Accommodation: Basic teahouse in Num.
Day 17

Num to Khadbari (1,040m)

Continue descending for 6-7 hours toward the Arun River before climbing again to reach Khadbari, the administrative headquarters of Sankhuwasabha district. This larger town offers more amenities than you've experienced since leaving Tumlingtar, with opportunities to enjoy varied meals and possibly even hot showers. The bustling market provides insights into regional trade and the blending of different ethnic groups that characterizes eastern Nepal. Accommodation: Basic hotel or guesthouse in Khadbari.
Day 18

Khadbari to Tumlingtar (457m)

Complete your trek with a 5-6 hour journey back to Tumlingtar, either on foot or partially by local jeep if available and desired. The route offers final views of the magnificent landscapes you've traversed and opportunities for last-minute photography of the terraced fields and traditional villages that characterize the lower Arun Valley. Accommodation: Basic guesthouse in Tumlingtar.
Day 19

Tumlingtar to Kathmandu

Board your morning flight back to Kathmandu, a 40-minute journey that offers aerial views of the terrain you've spent more than two weeks exploring on foot. Back in Kathmandu, enjoy the comforts of urban amenities while processing the profound experiences of your journey through one of Nepal's most pristine and culturally rich regions. Accommodation: Comfortable hotel in Kathmandu.
Day 20

Departure from Kathmandu

Your Arun Valley adventure concludes with a transfer to Kathmandu International Airport for your departure flight. Depending on your schedule, you might have time for last-minute shopping or sightseeing in Kathmandu before leaving Nepal with memories of a trek that few international visitors have experienced.
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Services

Includes

  • Specialized bilingual guide familiar with the Arun region
  • Private Transport where applicable
  • Domestic flights between Kathmandu and Tumlingtar
  • Daily meals on the trek: breakfast, lunch, and dinner
  • Services of an experienced guide and porter during the trek
  • All essential trekking permits, including conservation area fees
  • Accommodation throughout the trek (basic teahouses and homestays)

Excludes

  • Additional accommodation due to flight cancellations or delays
  • Comprehensive travel and medical insurance for the trek
  • Gratuities for the guides, porters, and trekking support staff
  • International flights and entry visa fees for Nepal
  • Personal trekking equipment and gear (sleeping bags, jackets, etc.)
  • Extra food and drinks beyond the standard meals provided
  • Any costs associated with early departure from the trek

Good to Know

Train for hill walking with a focus on sustained daily hiking. Bring a quality sleeping bag as tea houses have minimal heating. Pack for varied climates from subtropical to alpine. Carry sufficient cash as there are no ATMs between Tumlingtar and Khadbari. Respect local customs by asking permission before photographing people or religious sites. Learn basic phrases in Nepali to enhance cultural exchanges. Consider bringing small gifts like school supplies for village children or medical supplies for local health posts.

Spectacular Sightseeing

 

Mount Everest (8,848m) - distant views, Makalu (8,463m) - spectacular views, Kanchenjunga (8,586m) - visible on clear days, Mera Peak (6,476m), Chamlang (7,319m), Baruntse (7,129m), Arun River valley (one of the deepest in the world), Salpa Pass with prayer flags and stone cairns, Ancient rhododendron forests (spectacular in April-May), Terraced hillsides cultivated for generations, Traditional villages with distinctive architecture, Buddhist monasteries and chortens, Pristine forests with exceptional biodiversity

Wildlife Encounters

While trekking, keep an eye out for:

 

Red panda (particularly in rhododendron and bamboo forests), Himalayan black bear (in forested regions), Himalayan tahr (wild mountain goats), Various deer species including musk deer, Himalayan langur monkeys, Over 650 bird species including: Impeyan pheasant (danphe - Nepal's national bird), Satyr tragopan, Various eagles and vultures, Colorful sunbirds and minivets, Unique butterflies including Kaiser-i-hind and various swallowtails, Snow leopard (extremely rare sightings in upper regions)

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FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

How difficult is the Arun Valley Trek?

The trek is considered moderate in difficulty, suitable for reasonably fit hikers with previous trekking experience. Daily hiking times range from 5-8 hours with significant elevation changes, but the maximum altitude remains lower than many Himalayan treks, reducing altitude-related risks.

Why is the Arun Valley less visited than other trekking regions?

The region's remote location in eastern Nepal, limited flight connections, basic accommodation infrastructure, and lower marketing profile have kept visitor numbers low. This is precisely what makes it appealing to trekkers seeking authentic experiences away from crowded trails.

Do I need special permits for this trek?

Yes, you'll need the standard Makalu-Barun National Park permit and TIMS (Trekkers' Information Management System) card. Your trekking agency will arrange these. Unlike some restricted regions, no special limited permits are required, making the paperwork relatively straightforward.

What is the best time of year for this trek?

Mid-October to early December offers the clearest mountain views and stable weather. March to May features spectacular rhododendron blooms but may have hazier mountain views. The monsoon season (June-September) brings leeches and difficult trail conditions, while winter (December-February) can be cold but often clear and quiet.

What type of accommodation can I expect?

Basic teahouses exist in most villages, though they are considerably more rustic than those in popular trekking regions. Expect shared rooms, limited menu options, basic toilet facilities, and minimal or no electricity. In some smaller settlements, homestays with local families may be the only option.

Is it possible to extend or shorten this trek?

Yes, the Arun Valley trek is flexible. It can be shortened by exiting early to Tumlingtar or extended by continuing to the Everest region via Lukla or by incorporating parts of the Makalu Base Camp trek. Your trekking agency can customize the itinerary based on your time constraints and preferences.

How does altitude sickness risk compare to other Himalayan treks?

The altitude risk is lower than on many Himalayan treks as the highest point (Salpa Pass at 3,348m) remains below the 3,500m threshold where altitude sickness becomes more common. However, standard precautions like proper acclimatization and adequate hydration remain important.

Is it possible to trek independently in the Arun Valley?

While permits don't require guided service, independent trekking is challenging due to limited infrastructure, infrequent signage, and the remote nature of the region. Most trekkers opt for at least a guide, if not a full support team including porters.

How reliable is the WiFi and phone connectivity?

Very limited. Larger settlements like Khadbari may have basic cell service, but most of the trek has no connectivity. Some villages have emergency satellite phones. Plan to be disconnected for most of your journey and inform family and friends of your itinerary before departing.

How much should I budget beyond the package cost?

Beyond the package cost, budget approximately $10-15 per day for any additional expenses like snacks, hot showers (where available), or local handicrafts. Prices are generally lower than in more touristy regions but increase in remote areas due to transportation costs.

What unique cultural experiences can I expect on this trek?

The Arun Valley offers exceptional cultural diversity, with opportunities to observe and participate in local festivals if your timing aligns, learn about traditional weaving and agricultural practices, visit remote Buddhist monasteries, and potentially experience shamanic rituals that pre-date Buddhism in the region.

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